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- J. Postel
- IEN 177 ISI
- 24 March 1981
-
-
-
- Comments on Action Items from the January Meeting
-
-
-
- At the recent Internet Meeting a number of issues were raised as "action
- items" [1]. Many of these can be resolved fairly simply. This note
- describes the resolutions I propose. These topics may be further
- discussed at future meetings or via IENs. Your comments are requested.
-
- Action Items from RSRE:
-
- 1. Dynamic timeouts for retransmission in TCP.
-
- Yes. The algorithm described by RSRE at the October 80 meeting
- should be implemented. It will be included in the next edition of
- the TCP specification.
-
- The current best procedure for retransmission timeout is to
- measure the time elapsed between sending a data octet with a
- particular sequence number and receiving an ack that covers
- that sequence number (thus one does not have to match sends and
- acks one for one). Using that measured elapsed time as the
- round trip time (RTT), compute a smoothed round trip time SRTT
- as:
-
- SRTT = ( ALPHA * SRTT ) + ( (1-ALPHA) * RTT )
-
- And based on this, compute the retransmission timeout (RTO) as:
-
- RTO = min[ BOUND, BETA * SRTT ]
-
- Where BOUND is an upper bound on the time-out (e.g., 30
- seconds), ALPHA is the smoothing factor (e.g., .8 to .9), and
- BETA is a delay variance factor (e.g., 1.3 to 1.5).
-
- 2. Flag bit for copied options in IP fragments.
-
- Yes. This makes good sense and will be done in the next edition
- of the IP specification.
-
- The option type octet is viewed as having three fields:
-
- 1 bit: copied flag (0=do not copy, 1=copy)
- 2 bits: option class
- 5 bits: option number
-
-
- Postel [Page 1]
-
-
- IEN 177
- Comments on Action Items from the January Meeting
-
-
-
- The options affected are: security, source routing (loose &
- strict), and stream identifier.
-
- 3. Specification for strict source routing.
-
- Yes. In the next edition of the IP specification there will be
- two options: Loose Source Routing (LSR) and Strict Source Routing
- (SSR). LSR will be the source routing currently specified which
- allows arbitrary internet routing between the listed addresses.
- SSR will have the same syntax, but will require that the next
- listed address be the next internet node visited (where "internet
- node" is a gateway or host), and that it be accessed via the net
- in the listed address.
-
- 4. Standard addresses for Echo, Discard, and Character Generator
- servers.
-
- These already exist. Assigned Numbers [2] lists ports for both
- UDP and TCP servers as follows:
-
- PORT SERVER
- ---- ------
- 7 Echo
- 9 Discard
- 19 Character Generator
-
- 5. Techniques for preventing Silly Window Syndrome (SWS).
-
- I am not sure we fully understand this yet, but it is clear that
- very small window updates aggravate the situation. The next
- edition of the TCP specification will include words of caution
- about small window updates.
-
- Perhaps it should say "don't update the window unless the
- additional space exceeds X percent of the total buffer space
- for this connection". Any suggestions for the value of X?
-
- The sender can also try to stay out of SWS by only sending big
- segments and waiting until the window is large enough to allow
- it. If the sending user indicates an end of letter then the
- data must be sent even if it is a small segment.
-
- At the same time we don't want to delay the acknowledgment, so
- when a small segment arrives and is accepted, the typical
- response should be to send an acknowledgement without updating
- the window.
-
- It is also thought that the probing of a zero window with an octet
-
-
- Postel [Page 2]
-
-
- IEN 177
- Comments on Action Items from the January Meeting
-
-
-
- of new data may lead to SWS. Some consideration of probing with
- the most recent octet of old data is in order. It is not clear
- that this can be done reliably (does it matter?), or that an "old
- data" probe will elicit new window information.
-
- 6. No changes to addressing for a while.
-
- I am not sure we can do this. There is clearly a need to provide
- for a large number of networks in the future. Vint's proposal for
- alternate ways of cuttting up the 32-bit internet address may be
- included in the next edition of the IP specification.
-
- high order bits format
- --------------- ------
- 0 7 bits of net, 24 bits of host
- 10 14 bits of net, 16 bits of host
- 110 21 bits of net, 8 bits of host
- 111 escape to extended addressing mode
-
- A value of zero in the net field means this net. The extended
- addressing mode is undefined as yet.
-
- Action Items from NDRE:
-
- 1. A HDLC port on the SATNET gateway is needed.
-
- A problem for Vint and BBN.
-
- 2. ARPANET availability must be improved.
-
- A problem for Vint and DCA and BBN.
-
- Action Items from MIT:
-
- 1. A maximum segment size TCP option is needed.
-
- Yes. This can be included in the next edition of the TCP
- specification. The syntax will be the same as the existing Buffer
- Size option.
-
- Action Items from DCEC:
-
- 1. How do we provide testing facilities to companies that develop
- TCP products?
-
- A problem for Vint and DCA.
-
-
-
-
- Postel [Page 3]
-
-
- IEN 177
- Comments on Action Items from the January Meeting
-
-
-
- 2. How do we control transit traffic?
-
- This is a difficult problem, and I only promised answers to the
- easy ones. Right now the only information available for an IP
- gateway to base a decsion on is the stuff in the IP header (source
- and destination address, protocol, tos, security). In the current
- situation, my approach would be to have a gateway that cares about
- restricting transit traffic to have a list of approved sources and
- have it simply discard and datagram from a source not on the list.
-
- Action Items from BBN:
-
- 1. Rubber EOL and Buffer Size has implementation impact in TAC.
-
- My understanding of this is that implementation of TCP in the TAC
- is purposely not capable of handling rubber eol. A survey of some
- implementers indicates that no implementaion sends the buffer size
- option. This means that rubber eol never occurs. Vint suggests
- deleting the buffer size option. This implies that all the rubber
- eol stuff can go away. I am prepared to delete the buffer size
- option and all references to the rubber properties of eol from the
- next edition of the TCP specification. What do you say?
-
- Questions from SDC:
-
- 1. Who supplies the "protocol" field for the IP header, IP or the
- transport protocol?
-
- This is an implementation specific issue. In the simplest case
- the IP just dosen't care what the protocol field says so the upper
- level protocol can supply it on each call. In a more controlled
- operating system environment the IP would fill in the protocol
- field in the individual datagrams sent based on some initial set
- up call from the upper level protocol module which supplied the
- value at that time.
-
- 2. What is the nature of the interaction between IP and GGP?
-
- The nature of the interaction between IP and GGP can only be
- described as friendly. Actually, at the meeting I discussed a set
- of messages that combine the messages gateways send to hosts and
- messages that hosts send to hosts about problems with datagrams
- [3]. The plan is to establish this as a separate control protocol
- for IP. The interaction between the control protocol module and
- the IP module would be very intimate -- they would be the same
- module.
-
-
-
-
- Postel [Page 4]
-
-
- IEN 177
- Comments on Action Items from the January Meeting
-
-
-
- 3. Is source routing loose or strict?
-
- Both. The current IP specification of the source routing option
- is for the loose source routing. A similar option for strict
- source routing will be documented.
-
- Question from BBN:
-
- 1. How does IP interact with the local net, on errors, on flow
- control, etc.?
-
- Since IP is supposed to work with such radically different local
- nets it is not clear there is an answer to this question.
- Whatever information the local net hands back to the IP about
- errors (e.g., non-delivery) should be communicated to the source
- of the datagram.
-
- Question from ISI:
-
- 1. What is the size and precision of time stamps used in internet
- measurements? What is time zero?
-
- One proposal is the number of milliseconds since midnight 1
- January 1980 GMT modulo 2**32, in other words the low order 32
- bits of that value (32 bits of milliseconds is approximately 49.7
- days). The IP Timestamp Option now simply says it is 32 bits of
- milliseconds, failing to mention what time zero is, or indicating
- in any way who did the stamping. I propose to change the option
- to include the internet address of the stamper and to specify time
- zero as 1 January 1980. This will make the option 10 octets long
- and allow at most 4 stamps in a datagram header. There is also no
- way to indicate what datagrams are to be stamped. Possibly the
- "stamper addresses" should be filled in by the source to indicate
- which internet modules (gateways or hosts) are supposed to fill in
- times.
-
- Action Item for ISI:
-
- 1. A NIFTP-MAIL/MTP interface data structure should be defined soon.
-
- Actually, this is a host specific issue of defining the internal
- stored format for queued mail for multiple recipients. This
- format may be used by both MTP and NIFTP-MAIL as well as a number
- of user interface programs. ISI is working on it for TOPS20.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Postel [Page 5]
-
-
- IEN 177
- Comments on Action Items from the January Meeting
-
-
-
- Question from ARPA:
-
- 1. There is a open question about mailbox addresses and the problem
- of sending (and answering) mail to (from) mailboxes in other systems
- (e.g., Internet, TELEMAIL, ONTYME).
-
- The quick answer seems to depend on making another systems
- structured address be one field in your own systems structured
- address. Even so automatic derivation of reply addresses is hard.
- Otherwise this is a tricky problem.
-
- References
-
- [1] Postel, J., "Internet Meeting Notes -- 28-29-30 January 1981",
- IEN 175, USC/Information Sciences Institute, March 1981.
-
- [2] Postel, J., "Assigned Numbers", RFC 776, USC/Information
- Sciences Institute, January 1981.
-
- [3] Postel, J., "What Every Host Should Know About GGP",
- USC/Information Sciences Institute, January 1981.
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- Postel [Page 6]
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